<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
     xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd"
     xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
     xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0"
     xmlns:psc="http://podlove.org/simple-chapters">
  <channel>
    <title>Qualla: Mụ Giạ Pass</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass</link>
    <description><![CDATA[In 1967 a panel of American physicists was asked whether a tactical nuclear weapon could close this gap in the Annamite Range. Everything else had been tried.]]></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 16:39:18 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 1967 a panel of American physicists was asked whether a tactical nuclear weapon could close this gap in the Annamite Range. Everything else had been tried.]]></itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>serial</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/hero-small.webp"/>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>support@bendyline.com</itunes:email>
    </itunes:owner>
    <itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture">
        <itunes:category text="Places &amp; Travel"/>
    </itunes:category>
    <podcast:locked>yes</podcast:locked>
    <image>
      <url>https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/hero-small.webp</url>
      <title>Qualla: Mụ Giạ Pass</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. In 1967 the Pentagon put a narrow technical question to a group of American scientists: what would happen if a tactical nuclear weapon were detonated in a mountain pass on the Vietnam–Laos border? The group was JASON, a standing panel of physicists convened to think about problems the military could not solve by ordinary means, and the pass was Mụ Giạ. Their answer was no — and the objection they put first was not the fallout or the blast. American first use of tactical nuclear weapons, they warned, could lead China or the Soviet Union to hand similar weapons to North Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The road stayed open. By then it had already survived a great deal.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. In 1967 the Pentagon put a narrow technical question to a group of American scientists: what would happen if a tactical nuclear weapon were detonated in a mountain pass on the Vietnam–Laos border? The group was JASON, a standing panel of physicists convened to think about problems the military could not solve by ordinary means, and the pass was Mụ Giạ. Their answer was no — and the objection they put first was not the fallout or the blast. American first use of tactical nuclear weapons, they warned, could lead China or the Soviet Union to hand similar weapons to North Vietnam and the Viet Cong. The road stayed open. By then it had already survived a great deal.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-intro.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-intro-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: Dog-Toothed Limestone</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. Ninety kilometres northwest of Đồng Hới, the Annamite Range thins to a notch. It is not a dramatic crossing — under 500 metres above sea level, modest for a range that runs the length of Indochina — but the approach to it is a trap. A CIA landscape analysis written in February 19...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. Ninety kilometres northwest of Đồng Hới, the Annamite Range thins to a notch. It is not a dramatic crossing — under 500 metres above sea level, modest for a range that runs the length of Indochina — but the approach to it is a trap. A CIA landscape analysis written in February 19...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-dog-toothed-limestone.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-dog-toothed-limestone.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-dog-toothed-limestone-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: Seventy-Five Percent</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. By March 1966, American estimates put three-quarters of all truck traffic entering Laos through this single gap. That made Mụ Giạ the principal doorway into the Hồ Chí Minh trail, and the arithmetic of interdiction looked obvious. Barrel Roll had already brought aircraft over the...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. By March 1966, American estimates put three-quarters of all truck traffic entering Laos through this single gap. That made Mụ Giạ the principal doorway into the Hồ Chí Minh trail, and the arithmetic of interdiction looked obvious. Barrel Roll had already brought aircraft over the...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-seventy-five-percent.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-seventy-five-percent.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-seventy-five-percent-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: What the Physicists Told the Pentagon</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. By 1967 the failure was plain enough that the Department of Defense went looking for something larger, and the question reached JASON. A weapon of that yield, the reasoning ran, could do what conventional ordnance had not: collapse the pass physically and permanently. The scienti...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. By 1967 the failure was plain enough that the Department of Defense went looking for something larger, and the question reached JASON. A weapon of that yield, the reasoning ran, could do what conventional ordnance had not: collapse the pass physically and permanently. The scienti...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-what-the-physicists-told-the-pentagon.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-what-the-physicists-told-the-pentagon.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-what-the-physicists-told-the-pentagon-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: The Road That Would Not Close</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. The People's Army of Vietnam answered the bombing by refusing to depend on any single line. Bypass roads were cut east and west of Route 12 on the Lao side, so that a severed section became an inconvenience rather than a stoppage. Early in 1969 a fuel pipeline crossed the frontie...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. The People's Army of Vietnam answered the bombing by refusing to depend on any single line. Bypass roads were cut east and west of Route 12 on the Lao side, so that a severed section became an inconvenience rather than a stoppage. Early in 1969 a fuel pipeline crossed the frontie...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-the-road-that-would-not-close.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-the-road-that-would-not-close.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-the-road-that-would-not-close-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mụ Giạ Pass: Cha Lo</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. The pass is an ordinary working border crossing now, the Cha Lo gate, with National Highway 12A climbing roughly twenty kilometres over it from the Khe Ve junction. Trucks still labour up the grade, carrying timber and cement rather than ammunition. Forest has closed over most of...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Phó Nháy, Public domain. The pass is an ordinary working border crossing now, the Cha Lo gate, with National Highway 12A climbing roughly twenty kilometres over it from the Khe Ve junction. Trucks still labour up the grade, carrying timber and cement rather than ammunition. Forest has closed over most of...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mu-gia-pass/">Mụ Giạ Pass on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Phó Nháy | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-cha-lo.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-cha-lo.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/w/7/5/h/mu-gia-pass-wp/w75h-m-gi-pass-cha-lo-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
